Internal Degrees of Freedom and Elementary Particles. I
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Internal Degrees of Freedom of Molecules
For the internal dynamics of molecules it is of crucial importance that nuclei are much heavier than electrons. This leads to the adiabatic picture of the nuclei motion with respect to the motion of electrons. In the adiabatic picture, the coordinates of nuclei play the role of external parameters with respect to the state of the electronic sub-system, that is they play the same role as the adi...
متن کاملTranslation-invariance of two-dimensional Gibbsian systems of particles with internal degrees of freedom
The conservation of translational symmetry in two-dimensional systems with interaction is a classical subject of statistical mechanics. Here we establish such a result for Gibbsian systems of marked particles with two-body interaction, where the interesting cases of singular, hard-core and discontinuous interactions are included. In particular we thus show the conservation of translational symm...
متن کاملNonequilibrium thermodynamics of driven amorphous materials. I. Internal degrees of freedom and volume deformation.
This is the first of three papers devoted to the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of amorphous materials. Our focus here is on the role of internal degrees of freedom in determining the dynamics of such systems. For illustrative purposes, we study a solid whose internal degrees of freedom are vacancies that govern irreversible volume changes. Using this model, we compare a thermodynamic theory bas...
متن کاملInvariant Measures of Nonholonomic Flows with Internal Degrees of Freedom
In this paper we study measure preserving flows associated with nonholonomic systems with internal degrees of freedom. Our approach reveals geometric reasons for existence of measures in the form of an integral invariant with smooth density that depends on the internal configuration of the system.
متن کاملCrossing the Phantom Divide: Dark Energy Internal Degrees of Freedom
Dark energy constraints have forced viable alternatives that differ substantially from a cosmological constant Λ to have an equation of state w that evolves across the phantom divide set by Λ. Naively, crossing this divide makes the dark energy gravitationally unstable, a problem that is typically finessed by unphysically ignoring the perturbations. While this procedure does not affect constrai...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Progress of Theoretical Physics
سال: 1961
ISSN: 0033-068X
DOI: 10.1143/ptp.25.901